On February 25, 2013, Allan B. Calhamer, inventor of the game of Diplomacy, passed away. I met Mr Calhamer twice, and stabbed him once. He was a fine man. We exchanged holiday greeting cards over the past decade and a half, and he would occasionally send me mathematical observations, his mind ever keen and looking to be challenged with puzzles and games.

Mr Calhamer developed Diplomacy in the early 1950's, taking cues for good game−play mechanics from, of all things, the playing card game Hearts. The resulting game system he developed is simple, beautiful, and has been acclaimed as both brilliant and a stroke of genius as an adaptation of game theory. He marketed the game privately, and then sold the rights to Games Research, Inc., which later sold them to Avalon Hill, now a subsidiary of Hasbro. Calhamer never got wealthy from his creation, but he earned fame and respect in the world of game designers and players.

Calhamer made his career with the U.S. Postal Service. He invented many games in his lifetime, but none apart from Diplomacy achieved much recognition. Diplomacy is widely regarded (as by GAMES Magazine, etc.) as one of the top five games ever invented, rivaled only by such games as chess.

I ask all Diplomacy players everywhere to lift a glass with me today to my dear departed friend ABC, whose creation has had such a profound impact on my life and has taken me around the world and brought me friendship and kinship with hundreds if not thousands of people. Rest in peace, Al. —Manus Hand

Should you wish to donate in remembrance of Allan B. Calhamer, on behalf of the family we ask you to give to the Nature Conservancy charity, of which he was a long−time supporter.


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  • Design Credits
  • Diplomacy: Allan B. Calhamer, copyright held by Hasbro, Inc.
  • Rule Variants:
    Payola: Manus Hand and John Woolley
    Crystal Ball: Manus Hand, John Woolley, and Pitt Crandlemire
  • Mix-In Rule Variants:
    Blind: Adapted from Joan C. Artes by Manus Hand
    Factories: Manus Hand
    Flexible Setup: John Woolley
    Garrison: Wilson Hsieh and Manus Hand
    Leagues: Baron M. Powell and Manus Hand (after Ambition & Empire)
    Missing Man (Control Rotation): Scott Kasch and Manus Hand
    Mobile Homes: Manus Hand (after 1897)
    Mobilize: Manus Hand (after 1898)
    Partisans: Baron M. Powell and Manus Hand
    Reserves: Baron M. Powell and Manus Hand
    Militia: Matt Ready and Manus Hand
    Variable Length: David Norman
    Exchange Payola: Bruce Duewer (stocks/leadership votes currently by GM)
    Zero Sum Payola: Michael Schmahl
    Touch Bribe Payola: Matt Ready
    Vassals: Joseph Wheeler
  • Map Variants:
    1897 (7 players): Mark Nelson, Josh Smith, and Rick Westerman
    1898 (7 players): Randy Davis
    1900 (7 players): Baron M. Powell
    Aberration (9 players): Rod Walker and Nick Fitzpatrick
    Ambition & Empire (10 players): Baron M. Powell and Jeffrey Kase
    Ancient Mediterranean (5 players): Don Hessong
    Brazilian (7 players): GROW Produtos Para Recreação, Ltda.
    Britain (7 players): Danny Loeb and Bruce McIntyre [independently]
    Canton (7 players): Paul Webb
    Chaos (34 players): Michel Ferion
    Chromatic (5 players): James Millington, Robert Schone, and Lynsey Smith
    Classical (5 players): Andy Schwarz and Vincent Mous
    Crowded (11 players): Unknown
    Empire (10 players): Vincent Mous
    Five-Man (5 players): Allan B. Calhamer and Fred C. Davis, Jr.
    Fleet Rome (7 players): Richard Sharp
    Hundred (3 players): Andy Schwarz
    Imperial (13 players): Michael David Roberts
    Loeb9 (9 players): Daniel Loeb
    Milan (7 players): John Norris
    Minor Power (19 players): Unknown
    Modern (10 players): Vincent Mous
    Pure (7 players): Danny Loeb
    Renaissance (7 players): Earle Ratcliffe and Michael Cuffaro
    Sail Ho! (4 players): "Tarzan"
    Sengoku Jidai (8 players): Benjamin Hester
    Shift (Left, Right, and Around) (7 players): Josh Smith and Dan Dzikowicz
    V8 (8 players): Clay Snyder
    Vassal (7 players): Joseph Wheeler
    Void (36 players): Mario Huys
    Youngstown (10 players): Rod Walker, A. Phillips, Ken Lowe, and Jon Monsarret
  • Press Variants:
    Public-Press/No-Press: Unknown
    Grey/Fake Press: Unknown
    Backseat Driver: Simon Szykman
    Touch: Andy Schwarz (broadcasts forbidden)
    Postage/Limited Press: "Tarzan" and Manus Hand (supported soon)
  • The DPjudge Itself: Manus Hand
  • DPjudge Web Page Design: Patrick Lambrecht
  • Mapit Map Generation: George Boyce (original code), followed by many others
  • Manusized Mapit (dpmap): Manus Hand
  • Manusized Maps and dpmap Enhancements: Manus Hand, Juho Snellman, Mario Huys
  • The DPjudge is copyright © 1995-2013 by Manus Hand. All rights reserved.